instructoreducator

  ⭐ UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (UGC) UGC = Apex body for higher education in India Established to coordinate, maintain, and promote standards of university education. 1. History and Emergence of UGC 1945 – University Grants Committee (British model) Set up to supervise three Central Universities : Aligarh, Banaras, Delhi . 1947–1952 – Expansion of Higher Education After Independence, need for a national body to regulate universities. 1952 – UGC for all Indian Universities Government decided to bring all universities under UGC. 1953 – UGC formally inaugurated Inaugurated by Maulana Abul Kalam Azad , Minister of Education. 1956 – Statutory status Parliament passed UGC Act, 1956 . ➡️ UGC became a statutory autonomous body . 2009 onwards UGC started regulating: higher education standards distance education funding to central, state, and deemed universities online/ODL courses teacher eligibility regulations ( NET ) ⭐ 2. Role of UGC (Key Re...

  ⭐ DETAILED HISTORY OF THE EMERGENCE OF NCTE (1964 – Present) (From Kothari Commission Recommendation to Today) 1. Background: Need for a National Teacher Education Body (Before 1964) Before NCTE, teacher education in India was unregulated and fragmented: No uniform standards for teacher training. Wide variation in duration and quality of training programs. Teacher training institutions (TTIs) often lacked infrastructure and qualified faculty. No single national authority to maintain standards. This led to a demand for a centralized regulatory and advisory body for teacher education. 2. Kothari Commission Recommendation (1964–66): Birth of the Idea The Kothari Education Commission (1964–66) strongly recommended: Recommendation: ➡️ Establish a National Council for Teacher Education to improve teacher education standards nationwide. Why? To regulate teacher education institutions Ensure quality, curriculum reforms, and uniform standards Oversee ...

  National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE) History, Role in Teacher Education, Functions & Apex Bodies 1. HISTORY OF NCTE Early Phase (1973–1993) – Advisory Body 1973: NCTE was originally set up as an advisory body under the National Policy on Education ( NPE – 1968). It functioned under the Department of Teacher Education , NCERT . Had limited powers ; mostly provided guidelines on teacher education. Need for Statutory Status By the late 1980s, major problems were recognized: Rapid growth of unregulated teacher training institutions. Lack of standards in curriculum, evaluation, and infrastructure. Mushrooming of private colleges with poor quality. Statutory Phase (After 1995) To control and regulate teacher education, the NCTE Act was passed in 1993 . Came into force on 17 August 1995 . NCTE became a statutory body with regulatory powers to: grant recognition , maintain standards, ensure quality in teacher education. 2. ROLE...